Ethics off turture Free Essay Example, 1250 words

Food and water denial as a method of torture meant a strict schedule of bread and water. Sleep denial was practiced prior to questioning and often in combination with wall-standing. Torture is justified under certain circumstances that will provide information to save someone’s life or the lives of many. It is extensively understood that the United States tortured senior Al Qaeda leader Khalid Sheikh Mohammad. There is indisputable proof that it tortured huge numbers of Iraqi prisoners and there is strong support that it tormented prisoners at Guantanamo Bay prison in Cuba, where suspected al Qaeda terrorists are held (Lukes, 34). Victims of torture were usually subjected to this conditioning over the course of about a week. Another typical example in this situation is the ticking bomb in the mall. It is the German case of September 2002, which involved the kidnapping and assassination of 11-year-old Jakob von Metzler, and the intimidation by the police of his kidnapper with torture. After three day of Metzler’s kidnapping, security personnel watched a man collect the money and put him under arrest. The suspect toyed with the police about the location of the boy and the police chief permitted his officers in a written order to instill torture to the kidnapper. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics off turture or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now After he was threatened with pain, it took only 10 minutes for the suspect to expose the location of the boy, who was already dead. This method worked in this case and to disallow the use of preventive interrogational torture in such situation may be as ruthless and morally wrong as other ways may not yield positive results. It is ruthless since, in true tragic cases, the failure to use precautionary interrogational torture will result in the ruin of blameless individuals (Vinar, 332). Upholding the rights of the suspect will work against the rights, including the very basic right to life, of innocent persons. Denial the application of deterrent torture meant for interrogation in such cases is also insincere: experience tells us that when faced with severe terrorization to the life of the state, government -- any administration will take whatsoever actions it deems necessary bring the crisis to halt. Any rigid utter ban on torture sets unlikely stan dards that no one can expect to meet when faced with excessively difficult circumstances (Vinar, 328). To quote from Michael Walzer, sticking by the total ban on torture, no matter what, reflects a radicalism of people who do not expect to exercise power ever, and who are not prepared to make the judgments that this exercise requires.

The Violence Of The Media Essay - 1549 Words

In the media today, one of the common images we tend to bear witness to is how much media coverage there is of stories revolving around crime, especially in the United States. Crime can be defined as an action or an instance of negligence that is deemed injurious to the public welfare or morals or to the interests of the state and that is legally prohibited (Dictonary.com). Crime has begun to appear in our media a lot more than it used to in the past, causing it to become something that has become a prominent theme in our society. In recent news, two teenagers were convicted of first-degree murder following a fatal shooting which took the life of a US congress member’s grandson, all over a pair of gym shoes (Dan Good). The overall outcome of this shooting has left people wondering exactly what was going through their heads at the time and what could have caused these teenagers to make the ultimate decision that they did. By using Emile Durkheim, Max Weber, and Karl Marx the go al of this paper is to use these three theorist and their theories to get an understanding behind what these two teenagers might have been thinking at the time of committing the crime. These theoriest will better yet give an understanding of the factors that could have influenced their ultimate decision to commit the crime. To commence this analysis, we will take a look into Emile Durkheim’s work. Durkheim who was a Republican and a French nationalist focused most of his work on an argument he calledShow MoreRelatedMedia Violence And The Media Essay864 Words   |  4 PagesExposure to the media violence may be especially problematic in late adolescence. Television and other media play a major role in adolescent socialization and identity development by providing perspectives, values, ideologies, and behavior models (Arnett G., Roberts D. et al.). The socializing role of television in particular may be ampliï ¬ ed by the large amount of time young people spend with this medium. Speciï ¬ cally, 18- to 24-year-olds spend more time watching television and movies than youngerRead MoreMedia, Violence, And Violence Essay1892 Words   |  8 Pageswould be the media. Media and violence are both very wide and broad concepts that have massive impacts in our society, and it is important to distinguish their relationship with each other. The types of media are things such as violent video games, films, newspapers, magazines and television. One particular type of media that is often very problematized is violent video games. Different studies have shown convincing and unconvincing correlational in regards to the media and violence, but to whomRead MoreMedia, Violence, And Violence Essay1949 Words   |  8 Pageswould be the media. Media and violence are both very wide and broad concepts that have massive impacts in our society, and it is important to distinguish their relationship with each other. The types of media are things such as violent video games, films, newspapers, magazines and television. One particular type of media that is often very problematized is violent video games. Different studies have shown convincing and unconvincing correlational in regards to the media and violence, but to whomRead MoreViolence in the Media1047 Words   |  5 Pagesa law that bans violenc e in the media: in movies, on TV, in video games, and on the Internet? Adi Shimony Golden Gate University Today, media take a major part of our lives, shape our society and create reality.  The Banning violence in the media is an efficient approach the government should take to handle the growing violence in our society. I argue that the US Government should make a law that bans violence in the media. The law needs to limit broadcasting of violence content at timesRead MoreMedia Violence1105 Words   |  5 Pages Censorship of Violence in Popular Entertainment is NOT Justified â€Å"When I was at church they taught me something else/ If you preach hate at the service those words arent anointed/ That holy water that you soak in has been poisoned/ When everyone else is more comfortable remaining voiceless/ Rather than fighting for humans that have had their rights stolen/ I might not be the same, but thats not important/ No freedom till were equal, damn right I support it.† These are lyrics from a songRead MoreMedia Violence1535 Words   |  7 Pagesat looking at the potentially harmful effects of the consumption of violent media and the impact it has on psychological factors. Two psychological factors that have been researched are empathy and aggression and how violent media influences these two emotions. Theories that have tried explaining the pathway from the viewing of violence in media and the impact on aggression have generally focused on the role of violent media being used by consumers as observational learning and promoting the developmentRead MoreMedia Violence1142 Words   |  5 Pagesbeen calculated that American kids see about 200,000 acts of violence and 25,000 murders on television by the time they reach age eighteen. (Schleifer 18) Arrests of people under the age of eighteen for violent crimes rose forty-seven percent from 1988 to 1992. (Miller 174) The American Medical Associ ation conducted a study that found a direct relationship between viewing and homicide. (Miller 176) Does this kind of overexposure to violence have a significant effect on children and teenagers? The answerRead MoreMedia Violence9754 Words   |  40 Pagesare among the greatest of imitatorsÂ… The debate over media violence has eluded definitive answers for more then three decades. At first glance, the debate is dominated by one question. Whether or not media violence causes real life violence and whether or not it has a negative effect of the modern day Canadian family. Closer examination reveals a political battle. On one hand, there are those who blame media violence for societal violence and want to censor violent content to protect our childrenRead MoreThe Violence Of The Media2018 Words   |  9 Pagesit was intended. With so many media outlets present in everyday life, it is not hard to imagine there being many concerns regarding violence in the media. This essay looks to explore why there is concerns regarding violence in the media, focusing on the glorification of violence. The essay will also look at the different types of media outlets, i.e. the music industry, film, television, internet and gaming, and how each of them may present a glorification of violence. The essay will look at the caseRead MoreMedia Violence And Crime Violence1168 Words   |  5 PagesMedia Violence and Crimes There are few debates that have been contentious for so long as the debate of whether violent medias contribute meaningfully to crimes. Because of the majority of shooting events committed by younger shooters, many politicians regard cultural effects as a potential contributing factor, while others dismiss media as a contributing factor. Within the social science community, a similar division exists (Ferguson, 2015). For example, some professional supporting groups, like

Research Method Regression Model on the GDP of Sri Lanka Free Essays

In extension Of the production function, foreign financed capital (l), export (EX) and import (IM) are added into the model to determine their impact on the economic growth. Pawl’s (2002) mentioned that the import is considered will affect the economic growth which are divided into intermediate and capital good imports. Flamboyancy’s (as cited in Bait, 2013) include FED as the addition input to labor and domestic capital in production function since it’s the main source of human capital and new technology for new developing country. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Method : Regression Model on the GDP of Sri Lanka or any similar topic only for you Order Now As mentioned by Namely (as cited in Bait, 2013), exports are included in the production function as more input of macro are needed. The FED stock was excluded from the Gross Capital Formation as it included both domestic and foreign investment and to avoid double measurement (Bait, 201 3) The production function extended, assuming multiple-linear equation, an Ordinary Least Squared estimate which specified below: Where -? The estimated Gross Domestic Product per capita growth (annual = The Investment in terms of Gross Fixed Capital formation (% of GAP). The Labor force in terms of total (person). The Export of goods and services (% of GAP). = The Import of goods and services (% of GAP). The Gross Capital Formation (% of GAP). = The error term of the regression. In the research done by Bass, Corroboratory and Regale (as cited in Turned, 201 2) studied the long-run and the short-run relationship between the investments with the gross domestic product (GAP). The result of their finding that there are positive long-run relationship between GAP and investment where their finding are consistent with findings obtained from Khan and Khan ND Mathematician (as cited in Turned, 2012). Allah, Zamia, Faro and Jived (as cited in Hussein, 2014) have conducted a research to check whether there is nun-directional or bidirectional causality between the export and economy growth and the result suggested that there is nun-directional causality between the economic growth and export. In addition, findings by Mishear (201 1) there exist a positive impact on the increasing of real GAP with export in the case study of India which supported by Pharaoh (as cited in Mishear, 201 1) also found that export have positive and significant impact on economic growth. The increasing number of global labor workforce represent the opportunity to drive the economic growth and the increase in the gross domestic product (GAP) but it also represent many challenges (Wristwatch Institute, 2014). With the increase of number of labor in the labor workforce, the productivity level will reach optimum level at a certain point but after that point, the productivity level will decrease as the number keep increasing. As or the case of Sir Lankan, now with the government effort to achieve upper middle income country, the increasing of the labor workforce will bring positive impact to the economic growth of Sir Lankan. According to Pawl’s (2002), imported intermediate goods have a positively and significantly influence the GAP growth in the long run. The main export of Sir Lankan is mainly architecture goods which are mainly depends on the import of fertilizers and agriculture machines. Thus it is acceptable to said that import of intermediate goods will brings positive and significant effect on the economic growth of Sir Lankan. Based on the study by Imprimatur (2013) on effects of the gross capital formation on the GAP growth in India on agriculture sector found that higher level of gross capital formation in the agriculture sector as agriculture is the main backbone of the India economy was able to improve the overall GAP growth rate. This study can be apply to Sir Lankan as Sir Land’s main economy are agriculture based economy. Thus, this shows positive relationship between the Gross Capital Formation (GIF) with the Gross Domestic Product (GAP). How to cite Research Method : Regression Model on the GDP of Sri Lanka, Essays

Sustainable Operations and Destinations for Backpacker Hotel

Question: Discuss about theSustainable Operations and Destinationsfor Backpacker Hotel. Answer: Introduction: Stakeholder management reflects a critical component for the successful delivery of any activity, project or program. It reflects an individual or group of individual associated with the businesses activities. Now, hotel industry is evolving with time, which is creating more challenges for the organization in achieving sustainability. The study focuses on identifying and evaluating stakeholders of two very popular hotel sector organization namely Ritz-Carlton and Backpacker hotel. Both the hotels have established its presence in different parts of the world with effective utilization of stakeholder management strategy. Stakeholders of Ritz-Carlton and Backpacker Hotel: As per the article by Mukerjee (2013), stakeholders of hotels include customers, employees, suppliers, distributors and regulatory bodies. All the mentioned stakeholders play significant role in the business level of the organization. Now, stakeholders can possess conflicting and divergent expectations that hotels will have to counter for maintaining the effectiveness of the operational process. Both Ritz-Carlton and Backpacker hotels have focused on utilizing all the internal stakeholders in such a way so that it can create positive impact on the mindset of the customers. Comparison of Both Hotels: From the evaluation of business strategy of both the hotels, it can be mentioned that Ritz-Carlton has focused more on external stakeholders satisfaction level. On the other hand, Backpacker has focused on achieving service excellence through the effective utilization of resources. As per survey conducted by Cornell School and McGill University among 13,400 managers, Ritz-Carlton provides the best quality service through the identification of external stakeholders needs and wants (Alfirevic, Peronja Plazibat, 2013). On the other hand, Backpacker has focused on using employee performance measurement, Job enlargement, issue resolution and employee right for empowering employees to strive for service excellence. Comparative Analysis of Sustainability: Both the hotels have able to utilize all the stakeholders in such a way so that it can able to create positive impact on the businesses. Ritz-Carlton has mainly focused on designing the service process in such a way so that it can able to fulfil the needs and wants of the customers. It has also used emotional and monetary recognition process for enhancing the effectiveness of the services in an effective manner (Hollis Verma, 2015). On the other hand, Backpackers have focused on maximizing the utility of the resources in order to keep the cost associated with the operational process low. Support the Destination of the Stakeholders: In order to provide support to the destination stakeholders, both the hotels have tried to maintain provincial rules and regulations in different location. In addition, both the hotels have focused on conducting different CSR activities for supporting the destination in an effective manner (Brown, 2013). For instance, Ritz-Carlton has invested huge amount on educating orphan children, which is likely to support destination stakeholders. Conclusion: The above discussion highlighted the fact that effective utilization of stakeholders is essential for the businesses to achieve sustainability. Effective use of all the internal and external stakeholders allows businesses handle different market related challenges in an appropriate manner. It also helps hotels to increase the efficiency level of the operational procedure. References: Alfirevic, A. M., Peronja, I., Plazibat, I. (2013). Businesss excellence in croatian hotel industry: results of empirical research.DAAAM International Scientific Book, 655-665. Brown, E. (2013). Consumers and Stakeholders.Journal of Jewish Communal Service,88(1/2), 21. Hollis, B., Verma, R. (2015). The Intersection of Hospitality and Healthcare: Exploring Common Areas of Service Quality, Human Resources, and Marketing. Mukerjee, K. (2013). Customer-oriented organizations: a framework for innovation.Journal of Business Strategy,34(3), 49-56.

Synopsis of Renaissance Play, The Roaring Girl Essay Example For Students

Synopsis of Renaissance Play, The Roaring Girl Essay The Roaring Girl Act 1: Scene 1: Mary Fitzgerald visits her love Sebastian, dressed as a semester. They were betrothed and something has happened to stop the marriage. Sebastian tells Mary about Moll, whom hes pretending to love to trick his father. Scene 2: Sir Alexander (Sebastian Father) is having guests over. He takes them on a tour of his home and then tells them a story of a man who is in love with a Moll! (Mary and Sebastian were betrothed until his father discovered how low the dowry was, and then he decided not to allow the marriage. Sebastian then pretends to be in eve with Moll to trick his father into letting him marry Mary) A monster It comes to light that the story is about his own son and Sebastian gets offended and storms out. Sir Alexander then hires Trapdoor to spy on Moll, track her down, and kill her. Act 2: Scene 1: Scenes opens at a group of stores. Here Lagoon is trying to borrow money from Mrs.. Gallop. He pretends to want to sleep with her when really he is using her to get money. (He acts like they have never had the opportunity) We also find out that Lagoon wants to pay Moll for sex E offers and they agree on a time and place, Gray Inns Fields at 3:00. We have Goshawk who is told a by Mr.. Openwork that he has been seeing a prostitute but sworn to secrecy (Goshawk later in the scene tells his secret because he wants to seduce Mrs.. Openwork) We also see Mrs.. Openwork insult Moll and yell to get out of her store because Moll is considered a where, low class, thief, trash, etc. We also know Moll cross dresses and she pulls a sword on a man who assaulted her at a local tavern. Then Trapdoor approaches Moll and pretends to be her friend, asks to be at her service. We will write a custom essay on Synopsis of Renaissance Play, The Roaring Girl specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now They agree to meet at Gray Inns Fields as well between 3:00-4:00. Scene 2: Sebastian is lamenting to himself saying a free man should marry who he wants. His father is hiding in the room and Sebastian sees him but pretends not too. Then Moll and a Porter enter with a Viol. Sebastian then begs Moll for marriage and she states that she is simply too independent to marry. Sir Alexander is dumbfounded. Moll tells him she could possibly love him, but to rethink his proposal, for he could be being too hasty. Then a tailor enters and takes measurements for Molls manly clothing (pants). Moll and Tailor leave and Sir Alexander makes his presence known. He yells at Sebastian for using bad Judgment, he is bewitched, and badmouths Moll saying their marriage would disgrace him. Sebastian defends her Then Sir Alexander leaves and we hear Sebastian saying how he is using Moll to get Mary. Act 3: Scene 1: Moll meets Lagoon and she takes his money. Then she pulls off her cloak and draws a sword and challenges a duel. She wants to teach him a lesson that not all women are whores. She says if it were not a sin, women would be better off to sleep with men, for they lie about it anyway and treat them with disrespect. They fight and she wins. Lagoon apologizes and leaves. Shortly after, Trapdoor shows (and later he tells Sir Alexander that Moll had met with Sebastian that day) but he doesnt recognize her at first dressed like a man. He then follows Moll. Scene 2: This scene opens with Mrs.. Gallop being somewhat moody and angry before her guests arrive. Mr.. Gallop comes in and asks her if shes pregnant. He unknowingly delivers a love letter from Lagoon (requesting 30 more pounds) Mr.. Gallop walks back in and catches her reading the letter. .uf73ebb1e7cec48fbc2113ee2422580a3 , .uf73ebb1e7cec48fbc2113ee2422580a3 .postImageUrl , .uf73ebb1e7cec48fbc2113ee2422580a3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf73ebb1e7cec48fbc2113ee2422580a3 , .uf73ebb1e7cec48fbc2113ee2422580a3:hover , .uf73ebb1e7cec48fbc2113ee2422580a3:visited , .uf73ebb1e7cec48fbc2113ee2422580a3:active { border:0!important; } .uf73ebb1e7cec48fbc2113ee2422580a3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf73ebb1e7cec48fbc2113ee2422580a3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf73ebb1e7cec48fbc2113ee2422580a3:active , .uf73ebb1e7cec48fbc2113ee2422580a3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf73ebb1e7cec48fbc2113ee2422580a3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf73ebb1e7cec48fbc2113ee2422580a3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf73ebb1e7cec48fbc2113ee2422580a3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf73ebb1e7cec48fbc2113ee2422580a3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf73ebb1e7cec48fbc2113ee2422580a3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf73ebb1e7cec48fbc2113ee2422580a3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf73ebb1e7cec48fbc2113ee2422580a3 .uf73ebb1e7cec48fbc2113ee2422580a3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf73ebb1e7cec48fbc2113ee2422580a3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Short Answer Questions Socials RenaissanceShe tears up the letter and to cover up her scheme she tells him that she and Lagoon had a contract to be aired, but she thought he was dead. Now he has tracked her down (at the cost of 30 pounds) and wants to marry her. He doesnt want a court battle so agrees to pay Lagoon. Then the guests arrive, they think Mrs.. Gallop is ill and she should lay down, so they leave. Then Lagoon arrives and he falls into the plan (he did not know until he picked up hints from Mrs.. Gallop). He then acts angry at the fact not being able to marry her He says he would marry her no matter what. He takes the 30 pounds and the Gaslights leave. The scene closes with Lagoon saying women are deceiving. Scene 3: (Sir Alexander acts like Trapdoor owes him money so he can run and talk to him) Scene opens with Trapdoor telling Sir Alexander that he has Moll on the ropes. Trapdoor tells him that Moll meets Sebastian dressed as a man (and says they met that day at three Moll had once again tricked them) Then we see Sir Dad who is Jack Diapers father talking about how bad/wild his son is. He tells his plan to hire policeman to arrest Jack, put him in Jail to teach him a lesson. Sir Dad is talking to the two cops (Curtail and Hanger) and they do not realize they are talking to Sir Dad they insult him to his face and look like fools) The cops go looking for Jack, but Moll and Trapdoor overhear them and warn Jack before they can catch Jack. The cops get angry at Moll, and shes pleased with her good deed. Act 4: Scene 1: Opens again with Trapdoor bragging that he has Moll. Sir Alexander tries to set Moll up by planting expensive items for her to steal. (Gold Chain, money). They exit and Moll, Mary (both dressed as men) enter with Sebastian. They are talking, Moll tells that she has never initiated (or had) sex? Then Moll sings and later sees the gold chain and diamond. Sebastian then plans to give 40 pound to Moll (maybe to pay for enters. And Sebastian covers saying she is a musician and he is paying for her services. Scene 2: This scene opens with Mrs.. Gallop and Mrs.. Openwork talking. Mrs.. Openwork admits to knowing what Goshawk is up to She says she asked her husband about the affair and she also knows Goshawk wants to date her. Mrs.. Gallop then admits that Lagoon was after her too, but she is finally rid of him as well. Goshawk enters and offers to try to trap Mr.. Openwork in an affair(? They put on masks and Lagoon enters. Then so does Mr.. Openwork. He wants them to take off the masks and she lets him know they are angry (Goshawk doesnt know Mrs.. Openwork told Mr.. Openwork that he told his secret, so he gets really nervous thinking she is going to give him away). Mrs.. Openwork then says for her husband to Seek his where and Mr.. Openwork starts asking who told. No one will tell and he confronts Goshawk, it comes out that Goshawk had told and that everything was a trick to teach him a lesson. Mr.. Openwork had set Goshawk up but now forgives him. Next, Mr.. Gallop enters with Greenest disguised as a Sumner and Lagoon. Lagoon is emending more money based on Mrs.. Gaslights lie. Greenest then removes his mask and Mrs.. Gallop tells the truth (and tells that they did not have sex). Lagoon says he was only testing Mrs.. Gallop and was doing it in noble honesty, but says she refused him. Lagoon agrees to pay Mr.. Gallop back in full plus interest for what he did. .u6af6e9009095507c3425b3658792c133 , .u6af6e9009095507c3425b3658792c133 .postImageUrl , .u6af6e9009095507c3425b3658792c133 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6af6e9009095507c3425b3658792c133 , .u6af6e9009095507c3425b3658792c133:hover , .u6af6e9009095507c3425b3658792c133:visited , .u6af6e9009095507c3425b3658792c133:active { border:0!important; } .u6af6e9009095507c3425b3658792c133 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6af6e9009095507c3425b3658792c133 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6af6e9009095507c3425b3658792c133:active , .u6af6e9009095507c3425b3658792c133:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6af6e9009095507c3425b3658792c133 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6af6e9009095507c3425b3658792c133 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6af6e9009095507c3425b3658792c133 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6af6e9009095507c3425b3658792c133 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6af6e9009095507c3425b3658792c133:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6af6e9009095507c3425b3658792c133 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6af6e9009095507c3425b3658792c133 .u6af6e9009095507c3425b3658792c133-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6af6e9009095507c3425b3658792c133:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Leonardo Di Ser Piero Da Vinci Essay SummaryAct 5: Scene 1 : Jack Dapper, Moll (dressed as a man) and Sir Beauteous Ganymede enter. Moll tells them that she knows about Trapdoor being a fraud, and Jack says he knows that he father was the one who sent the cops after him. Then Attract and Trapdoor enter disguised as soldiers (Moll recognizes them) Claimed to have fought in a war that was over 100 years ago. Moll pulls off his patch and reveals him. They still claim to be soldiers and beggars. They give them money. Moll asks Trapdoor if he will still pretend to go along with Sir Alexander plot. Then several structures enter and Moll describes the ways of thieving (busting them), so they leave. Scene 2: Sir Alexander, Goshawk, and Greenest enter. Sir Alexander is still complaining about his son wanting to marry Moll. Sir Guy Fitzgerald enters and taunts him about his sons new choice (? Sir Alexander begs Sir Guy for help, but he is still upset for him not allowing the marriage to happen in the first place. So Sir Alexander agrees to give up half his estate to get rid of Moll. Then Moll enters it is told that she helped to trick Sir Alexander. Sebastian apologized to his father, Sir Alexander apologized to Mary and Moll states that she did them all a favor. Moll then announces that when gallants are not in fear of being arrested for debt, etc Then she will marry (in other words, never) Sir Alexander thanks Moll, Trapdoor confesses, and everyone is happy!

Hemingways essays

Hemingways essays Novel begins with a description of an Italian landscape and troops that regularly pass while fighting is taking place in the mountain regions. It continues through landscape and settles in the mess tent where Frederic Henry, the narrator and protagonist, is eating and drinking wine with other Italian officers and talking to the priest. Frederic Henry is an American expatriate who has become a lieutenant in the medical corps of the Italian army. His roommate, lieutenant Rinaldi, is also his closest friend and coworker in the medical division. Rinaldi says that he is in love with a British woman named Catherine Barkley and takes Frederic to meet Miss Barkley, where she and Frederic make an instant connection. The next evening, he calls her for a walk, which is the beginning of a relationship that will progress very quickly. In the beginning Catherine is not sure about her feelings, but Frederick expresses his love deeply despite uncertainty about his true feelings. However, he shows ma ny signs that he prefers her company, and as time goes by, the relationship becomes closer and stronger until they completely fall in love. Soon after that, Frederic is required to go to the offensive, which takes him away from Catherine. On his way there, Frederic talked with many Italian soldiers who, just like him, have a general lack of patriotism. While Italian troops wait at their post, shelling occurs, but Frederic and other ambulance drivers are eating dinner and drinking wine. Suddenly, as they eat, their post is hit and their tent explodes. Frederic at first is not certain if he has survived, but then he recognizes that he is alive and wounded and that he cant help his friends. He has leg and head wounds and he is take to the field hospital with other wounded soldiers. Rinaldi visits him at the hospital, brings him a bottle of cognac and tells him that the troops successfully crossed the river and that Frederic may receive the ...

Business Management Skills..... Leadership VS Management Essay

Business Management Skills..... Leadership VS Management - Essay Example The role of a manager is a difficult one. This person has to take with him the whole company and mesh the different processes so that he could get instant results. He is a team leader right from the onset of his job. He needs to get work done from the different people who are working under him. The end result has to be a single goal, one that drives their efforts towards the financial success of the said organization. In doing so, the manager encounters a lot of hindrances, difficulties and hurdles. (Heath, 1994) He has to face a lot of pressure from the top most management, the people who are senior to him even. He has to be accountable to the publics of the organization, which could include the customers and the stakeholders as well since the latter are the people who have invested within the company’s shares and they want a quick buck out of the whole investment drive. On the other hand, business leadership is all about influencing other people in the organization to accomplish a task. It involves directing an organization in that it becomes more coherent and cohesive. Business leadership style can therefore be defined as approach for providing direction. It includes motivation. There are various business leadership styles that exist in business management. They include authoritarian or autocratic, participative or democratic, delegation or free reign business leadership. (Guarrero, 1998) The basic difference between a business leader and a business manager is within their working domains. They are basically doing the same job of managing people but in slightly different capacities. Whereas the business leader looks at forming instructions of his own which he will forward to the middle management, the middle line business managers basically aim to ‘manage’ people in the real sense of the word. This means that business managers have a duty of understanding the deep rooted values of the organization and the same cannot be

The implications for the UK businesses if the country separates from Essay

The implications for the UK businesses if the country separates from the European union ( see full detail attch on folder) - Essay Example According to Dearden (1997), European Union (EU) is the United Kingdom’s (UK) most crucial export market, with the 2011 statistics indicating that the market accounted for 53% of the goods exported. United Kingdom involvement in the European Union has advantages and disadvantages which play a key role in the analysis of the implications of the UK businesses in the event of a separation. The essay below focuses on the impacts of the separation on imports, growth, politics, business and immigration as well as its advantages and disadvantages. Exports Some of the UK exports to the EU include weapons, pharmaceutical drugs, plastics, aerospace products, electronic equipments and books (Smith, 2005; UK Trade and Investment, 2007). One of the advantages of the sector is that it supports three million jobs. This implies that the population is poised to loose a high number of jobs in the event of a separation. Currie (2008) asserts that the growth in exports is the prominent factor tha t made UK to avoid the negative impacts of recession. However, if the country leaves the European Union it can still be allowed to sell their goods through single markets. Such a case has been successfully applied in Switzerland, Iceland and Norway. This will limit the powers and influence of the United Kingdom because the country will not be able to set the rules that govern the European market. Those who hold the opinion that the United Kingdom should detach from the European Union argue that this will provide an opportunity for the British manufacturers to focus on exporting to other destinations such as Brazil. This generates more income to the business fraternity. According to Frederick Taylor’s Theory of Scientific Management, the possession of abundant financial resources improves the economic proficiency or the productivity of the workforce. If the business people are assured of abundant profits, their productivity increases. Imports Most of the imports to the UK are manufactured products such as beverages, food, tobacco, chemicals, fuels and footwear (Pattichis, 2002). Separation will affect the imports that the UK obtains from the members of the EU. Britain also imports many goods from the members of the European Union. Milne (2004) study affirmed that the country imports more than its imports. The 2011 business statistics indicates that UK exported ?159bn compared to the imports that amounted to ?202bn (Great Britain, 2012). The deficit provides the country with a leverage to demand for budget rebates from other countries. However, this notion is misguided because the country can only import the goods they require and not the ones intended to benefit the exporting country. Such an economical benefit cannot be attained if the country separates from the EU. If Britain abandons the E.U, it may be obliged to impose more tariffs on the European imports. This will discourage imports leading to business difficulties because the market might experien ce shortages. The importers will also be disadvantaged because their competitive power will be lower than that of the local products. This will be contrary to Elton Mayo’s Behavioural Theory of Management because importers will feel singled out or victimised (Drucker and Maciariello, 2008). This will negatively affect the business proficiency of Britain in the European market. The EU market might respond to the increased exports in the UK market by increasing the tariffs

Consumer Behavior Blog Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Consumer Behavior Blog - Essay Example As a man, the society expects you to behave in a certain way with the feminine gender expected to behave in a different way. This means that the adverts must be tuned towards what the society perceives to be feminine or masculine. But what if you pick a product that is feminine or masculine while you are of a different gender? Does it make you a lesser human? The answer is all in the psychological imprint that the society has placed as a benchmark for what we feel and how we are expected to react to these feelings. The feelings are then transferred and commoditized into products which mean that each must pick that which is â€Å"gender correct†. All in all, there are those who are oblivious of what people think about their choices. They should not be condemned. Personally, anytime I feel like picking a soft drink and I come across a diet coke or Coke Zero, I do not think about it as a gender-based product. I pick that which I feel is right for me at that particular moment, whe ther people stare back or whisper in secret. CONSUMER KNOWLEDGE Last week was such an informative outing for me. While I was just walking across the shopping mall, I realized that people were baffled by all the products that were on display. It got me thinking, ‘why are people staring and admiring display items whereas they can just go in, get what they need and go back home?’ but I realized that many of these people have only seen the adverts and do not have any clue about the products rather than what they have heard. When these products, mainly clothes and accessories are displayed, people are dismayed by the prices and also the way they appear. They do not have any knowledge about the products they want or even how they can access that information. The sources of information could be many if one chose to look. People who have already bought and used these products could form the first source of inspiration. However, they may be biased given the chances that the prod ucts may have been irrelevant or not amounting to what they expected. Another way is to get an expert in that sector and get firsthand information on the best products to buy. This may be costly as some may offer information in exchange for money, citing consultation fees. But the presence of the internet offers one a chance to get as much information as possible with the click of a button. Therefore, next time you go shopping, make sure you have the details, the prices, and the quality of the product you need rather than stand in front of a shopping mall to admire what is on display. PRODUCT APPEAL For a long time now, companies have been looking for the best way of appealing to their target client through advertising. As people look for the best, they are mainly attracted by the visual aspect of the product before quality comes to focus. Many companies have come under attack for what has been termed as sexist adverts but let us be honest: in the current digital world, sex sells! W omen will always oh-ah when they see Brad Pitt or David Beckham. Men will always stand and stare when Angelina Jolie or Eva Longoria passes by. The young generation has identified Justin Bieber and Lady Gaga as some of their favorite musicians. These are people known for their sex appeal. Is it wrong when products capitalize on these? Passing through the streets of the nearby town, one cannot miss these sexual innuendos. A beautiful woman is advertising a skin lotion

Accounting Profit Figure Measurement of Profit

Accounting Profit Figure Measurement of Profit The accounting profit figure is simply a measure of the true profit of an organisation. Discuss I will start by criticising my initial identification of accounting profit (a calculable amount, with set answer!). Profit is not just a set of calculations which has a defined/set-in-stone answer it can be described as the result after particular accounting rule and conventions have been employed (Deegan and Unerman 2006). These rules and conventions are created by standard setting bodies for example the International Accounting Standards Board in relation to conceptual frameworks also created by these bodies. Conceptual frameworks aim to assist creation of consistent and logical standards with an emphasis on the decision usefulness of accounting information however problems occur when highlighting whether accounting profit=true profit as key definitions in the framework need to be addressed; Who are the accounting users? And what are the objectives of financial statements? In the IASBs Framework for the Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements users are defined as present and potential investors, employees, lenders, suppliers and other trade creditors, customers, governments and their agencies and the general public (IASplus 2009) As you can see the framework aims to apply to a wide range of users but in practice the scope is normally significantly reduced and typically tends to be skewed towards being useful for current and potential investors. This means financial reports and the accounting profit figure tends to be economic in nature ignoring any social and environmental factors (sustainability reporting) which affect business performance. Puxty (1998) identified the idea of a traditional accounting paradigm for management accounting and I believe this can be related to modern financial accounting too, in the approach that the accounting profit figure is a way to solve the economic problem of how a business has performed therefore it can not simple be a measure of true profit as it is calculated solely with quantifiable economic values. My views are further strengthened by how the IASB framework identify the objectives of financial reports The objective of financial statements is to provide information about the financial position, performance and changes in financial position of an entity that is useful to a wide range of users in making economic decisions again common practice and prescribed standards leads to information being solely economical as these figures are seen to be useful for economic decision making. Influences on standard setting also back up my view on how accounting profit is mostly an economical figure. Capture theory describes how the regulated tend to capture the regulator' (DU 2006:40). Relating this to modern accounting standard setting we can witness how the big 4 accounting/audit firms (the regulated) have a large influence over the standard setting bodies and lobby for and against standards in order to satisfy their needs (private interest theory) which tend to try and protect the traditional paradigm of accounting to allow them to continually reap the rewards of monopolising the accounting industry. This leads me onto my second topic of discussion, how accountants craft the accounting profit figure. My previous answer talks about subjectivity, I still believe this is a large factor in differentiating accounting and true profit and will discuss here in more depth. Hines (1988) talks about how accountants have the power to shape reality and questions Who knows what the full picture is?..depends on people deciding that they have the full picture. So ignoring for a minute the fact that the accounting profit ignores sustainability reporting then many users may see the accounting profit as true profit if they believe accountants are showing the full picture then again this is typically false as accountants have the power to recognise and realize assets, liabilities and revenue (slightly constrained by IAS and IFRSs although they do influence their creation) in line with the picture they want to create of the organisation. Therefore accounting profit depends on the assumption that accountants work professionally, ethically and in accordance with public interest theory to sculpt a full picture of an organisations performance. Looking at an example IAS16 Property, Plant and Equipment it states that the carrying amount of an asset can measured at cost base (historic cost minus depreciation) or a revaluation model where a fair value can be measured reliably consequently accountants have the ability to choose when/if to revalue an asset at a time which could improve the perceived performance of the business. IAS 16 also relies on professional judgement firstly when calculating the amounts used in recognising the initial cost of an asset and when estimating the useful life of an asset for depreciation purposes, these judgements can be manipulated to affect the reliability of accounting profit measuring true profit. My final statement in part 1 is now redundant and to conclude it is shown that it is nearly impossible for accounting profit to simply be a measure of true profit as the accounting profit figure is trapped in a traditional paradigm which focuses on using economical figures in financial statements ignoring the idea of sustainability reporting which should be included to measure true profit and even when ignoring this fact the accounting profit figure is far too subjective and exposed to professional judgement to even portray a full picture of an organisation let alone true profit.

Adjectives :: essays research papers

Writing Minilesson Topic: The importance of including adjectives in writing Grade Level: 3rd or 4th grade Objective: TSWBAT add adjectives to a sentence to make it more appealing and interesting. MO Standards: Goal 2 #2, Communication Arts #1 Students with Special Needs: To serve students with special needs that may not be able to see or write, you could bring objects in to have them touch and feel to describe their detail. Materials: Black and white picture of a person, colored picture of a person, group activity—worksheet of sentences with words written on index card, another worksheet of sentences Procedure:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Introduce the Topic: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I was grading everyone’s journals for the week and have been noticing that everyone could use some help or ideas to make their writing a bit more interesting. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One way to add appeal to your story is by adding adjectives. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What is an adjective? †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Look at this picture of a person (show black and white picture), is it very interesting? †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  How could we make this picture more appealing? †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Add color to the picture and relate this to how adding adjectives in our writing improves it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Share Examples: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Write sentences on the board, leaving spaces for adjective use in the second sentence: â€Å"I ran down the road to the lake.† â€Å"I quickly ran down the bumpy road to the sparkling lake.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Provide Information: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Using adjectives helps us add â€Å"color† to our writing, just like I showed you with the picture.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Supervise Practice: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hand out a group activity. This includes a worksheet of â€Å"plain† sentences and index cards with examples of different adjectives. The group as a whole can re-write the sentences using the examples.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Reflect on Learning: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What is an adjective?

Grown up woman Essay

Sheila is disappointed with her lover (Gerald) she angry with her parents, because they seem more anxious to impress the inspector with their social position then to look deep into their own hearts â€Å"and can’t you see both of you, you’re making it worse†. She’s irritated at the blindness of those who can not see what she has come to realize. Gerald’s confessions are followed by what is revealed about Mrs. Birling heartless refusal to help Eva Smith. Sheila’s reaction is very very important. Her own feelings of guilt, her changed feelings towards Gerald, her irritation with her parents must be shown. AT the same time the audience must see how she reacts to the inspector as someone who is changing their lives of many in that room. Towards the end of act 2 tensions builds up when the inspectors’ investigation and Mrs. Birlings reply begin to be pointing towards Eric having had a connection with Eva. Sheila tries desperately to stop her mother making a bigger fool of herself â€Å"mother- I begged you and begged you to stop† she says at the end. It is at this moment that Eric appears the panic and distress and helplessness must be shown in your face. In act 3 events move towards the climax and Sheila is a key figure in the action even she may not be one stage all of the time. The inspectors questioning have began to draw out each character an admission of responsibility for what happened to Eva Smith though not all of them feel guilt in the way in which Sheila and later Eric come to see. What comes to light about Eric is deeply upsetting to Birling and his wife. He drinks heavily he’s the father of Eva’s child, he has stolen money from his father. The respectable outside of the Birling family is seen to be full off hypocrisies and dishonesty. Both Birling and Mrs. Birling are rattled. â€Å"But each of you helped to kill her. Remember that. Never forget that.† Birlings reaction too the disclosures about Eric is typical â€Å"I’ve got to cover up this up as soon as I can†. By fouls means he must prevent the scandal from getting known. He even begins to appeal to the inspector â€Å"look inspector- I’d give thousands yes thousands†. He feels no guilt but he only wants to use his money to hide the truth from getting known. The inspector leaves having made one final speech about â€Å"fire and blood and anguish† that will follow if people do not realize that â€Å"we are responsible for each other†. It is one of the most important dramatic scenes in the play. Sheila and Eric are completely affected by what the inspector has said. The senior Birlings feel no guilt they don’t think they have done anything wrong â€Å"it turned out unfortunately, that’s all†. There is no change of heart. When Sheila repeats the fathers last words â€Å"that’s all† she says it scornfully because she realizes her parents will not change. AT this stage you should show through your facial expression and the way in which you speak that your meeting with the inspector has been almost a religious experience. Later on when the inspector proved to be a hoax the others relax but not Sheila or Eric. To Sheila the inspector is a supernatural being â€Å"there was something curious about him. He never seemed to be an ordinary police inspector†. It is in relation to this that the audience must judge the reactions of the senior Birlings and Gerald when they learn that there is no inspector Goole . To you that is irrelevant because he has already changed your life and Eric’s also. He is more then a real inspector. When Birling says â€Å"it makes all the difference† your reaction must be one of bitterness and disbelief as you say â€Å"I suppose we’re all nice people now†. You can not believe that their moral sense can be so distorted. There are discussions later about the photographs of Eva Smith followed by news at the end of a woman who is indeed dead. This is dramatic but the real climax is when it becomes obvious to the audience that the inspector’s message about our responsibility for others that â€Å"we don’t live alone† has been forcefully made. It will remain true regardless of whether the inspector was real and whether there ever was an Eva Smith. It is important for you too show the change that takes place in Sheila Birling through the reactions to the inspectors question your disgraced about the selfishness of your parents and the part you also played. You must show the entire change from you being a naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve girl turning into a grown up woman.  Priestly passes a great moral message in this story and enforces several times. We are all equal and we do not live alone we must look out for each other regardless of social class.

Parentheses

Parentheses Parentheses Parentheses By Mark Nichol Parentheses serve several specific functions, but their general purpose is to set a grammatical unit of content off from the surrounding text. The parenthesized material can range from a single letter, numeral, or other symbol to an entire sentence. (Because enclosing more than one complete sentence in parentheses overextends the digression, it is not recommended.) Here is a summary of ways to deploy parentheses. First, a definition of terms: Parenthesis denotes a single parenthetical mark, but it can also refer to a digression, interlude, or interval enclosed in parentheses or other pairs of punctuation marks, such as commas, dashes, or brackets. The first of two parenthetical marks is an open parenthesis, and the second is a close parenthesis. The pair together are called parentheses. A parenthesis of an entire sentence can be inserted within another sentence, but omit a period after the parenthesized sentence (However, an exclamation point or question mark is acceptable!) to avoid confusion. (A complete sentence may also follow the terminal punctuation of the preceding sentence; in that case, include a period- or another terminal punctuation mark- immediately before the close parenthesis.) An incomplete sentence within parentheses is not punctuated with a period, but, again, an exclamation point or question mark is allowed. When providing an explanation or an example, the additional information can be enclosed in parentheses. Note in the following sentence how a parenthesis of a parenthesis should be formatted. (The abbreviations e.g. [â€Å"for example†] and i.e. [that is†] generally precede such information in formal and scholarly prose; in more casual contexts, the phrases are employed.) This is general American English style; British English style (and legal style and style for some other contexts) is parentheses within parentheses. Parentheses enclose the abbreviation of an acronym or initialism after the spelled-out name of an agency, company, or organization to inform the reader about how the entity will be identified on subsequent references: â€Å"The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was founded in 1909.† (Note that the article the is not repeated in the parenthesis, but it should precede the initialism when it appears again.) Parentheses are used to enclose a note when a reader is directed to a cross-reference or when a writer glosses (presents a brief definition of) a term, provides a citation for a quotation or a fact or figure, points out that he or she has used italics to emphasize part of a quoted passage, or otherwise annotates a quotation. Note that the location of the parenthesis in the following sentence is awkward: â€Å"Consider whether a ‘risk expert’ should serve on the committee (i.e., someone with a background in risk management or oversight relevant to the nature of the organization’s operations).† Parenthesized annotation, just like additional information enclosed in a pair of commas or dashes, should immediately follow the relevant word or phrase, as here: â€Å"Consider whether a ‘risk expert’ (i.e., someone with a background in risk management or oversight relevant to the nature of the organization’s operations) should serve on the committee.† Back-to-back parenthesis is acceptable, but this can be avoided by combining two pieces of information into one parenthesis divided by a semicolon or by reorganizing the framing text to separate the two parenthetical comments. When the items in a run-in list (a list appearing within a sentence rather than formatted vertically) are numbered, they should be enclosed in a pair of parentheses (not with a close parenthesis only)- as in â€Å"The three types of rocks are (1) igneous, (2) metamorphic, and (3) sedimentary†- but numbering is seldom necessary. Use parentheses in moderation; excessive deployment of the symbols can give text a cluttered appearance (note their ubiquity in this post) and result in an obstacle-ridden narrative flow. Often, a pair of commas will suffice in their place, and dashes are appropriate when abruptly interjecting additional information, especially when the writer wants to give an impression of sudden interruption rather than unassuming interpolation. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:15 Terms for Those Who Tell the FutureBroadcast vs Broadcasted as Past FormEpidemic vs. Pandemic vs. Endemic

Tourism Industry In Azad Jammu Kashmir Promotion Tourism Essay Essay Example

Tourism Industry In Azad Jammu Kashmir Promotion Tourism Essay Essay Example Tourism Industry In Azad Jammu Kashmir Promotion Tourism Essay Paper Tourism Industry In Azad Jammu Kashmir Promotion Tourism Essay Paper The Express Tribune, December 1st, 2010 in the outlook to regenerate the touristry industry of Azad Jammu Kashmir the authorities is seeking to catch the attending of tourer by supplying them with more and up to day of the month installations in the part and Secretary Tourism Dr Shala Waqar, said that Prime Minister is seeking to originate more strategies in Muzaffarabad non merely to catch the attending of domestic tourer but besides international tourer. We have initiated several undertaking in order to resuscitate the touristry industry in AJK, this is a beautiful part and increased touristry is a method of bring forthing more gross to keep the part, While foregrounding the on-going undertakings in the part she said that presently the authorities is working on 16 undertakings, including the constitution of the Tolipir hill resort, the constitution of hill resort in Tatta Pani, development of Chikkar-Sudhangali hill resort, other adjustment installations in AJK, promotion web in the part, Chairlift/Cable Cars, development of Dheerkot tourer resort, development of Pirchinassi hill resort, development of nutrient points in Muzaffarabad, development of Nagaishwar tourer resort, development of route side installations in AJK, up step of the touristry development maestro program, edifice of tourer Lodges at Khoiratta and the edifice of tourer resorts in the Neelum Valley.General Manager Pearl Continental Muzaffarabad, Aamir Kazi, while speaking to media said that presently they were offering really inexpensive bundles to advance the touristry industry in Muzaffarabad. He highlighted assorted facets of the touristry industry in AJK. Sadruddin Hashwani, Chairman Hashoo Group, has built an international standard hotel in the part to advance this country to aliens every bit good as domestic tourers, Aamir Qazi said. Muzaffarabad is one of the best topographic points to bask the natural beauty and to pass clip with household, I would urge this finish to all domest ic and international tourers, he said. Sana Jamal, 06 October, 2010. Tourism Department of Government Azad Jammu and Kashmir has initiated a new run to catch the attending of tourers from across Pakistan to take delectation in exuberant green vales, glistening rivers, snow-capped and alpine mountains of the northern part of Pakistan. The latest development in this respect is a documental competition on dramatic sites of Azad Jammu and Kashmir ( AJK ) in order to increase the potency of touristry in AJK. This competition has been organized by the Department of Tourism, Archaeology and Culture Government of AJK with the purpose to research and expose the concealed beauty of AJK. Department of Tourism, AJK has invited Pakistanis to portion their positions, thoughts and information in a 5-7 minute mini docudrama on the beautiful scenic sites of AJK. Documentaries can be in English or Urdu and the top 3 winning docudramas will have catch the attending of ive hard currency award of up to Rs.100, 000. The entries can be submitte d to Publicity wing of Department of Tourism, Archaeology and Culture Government of AJK, Block 06 New Secretariat, Muzaffarabad by Oct. 20, 2010. Harmonizing to the presentment issued by the touristry secretariat of AJK, the offer was valid for all 42 remainder houses under the administrative control of the touristry section. The offer is valid for a reserve non transcending two darks at any peculiar remainder house ; nevertheless, after two darks at one peculiar topographic point, the visitants could travel in front to any other country and bask the same installation at that place. Balochistan Times 23 May, 2009. MIRPUR AJK AJK Azad Jammu and Kashmir AJK Azerbaijan Journalists Confederation .. Click the nexus for more information.Renowned man of affairs and member executive commission of AJK Chamber of Commerce and Industry Khalid Sharif Saturday has welcomed the steps being initiated by the authoritiess of Pakistan and AJK for the publicity and upheaval of the industrial and touristry sectors in Azad Jammu and KashmirJammu and Kashmir: A see Kashmir. Jammu and Kashmir State ( pop. , 2001: 10,143,700 ) , northern India. With an country of 39,146 sq myocardial infarction ( 101,387 sq kilometer ) , it occupies the southern part of the Kashmir part of the northwesterly Indian subcontinent and is .. Click the nexus for more information.. He expressed the hope that the gimmick the attending of ive bundle of inducements for the intending enterprisers for investing in the trade and industrial sector in Azad Jammu Kashmir will assist promote local and foreign investings in these sectors. He said that the Britain-based Pakistani expatriates in general and those acclaiming from Azad Jammu Kashmir in peculiar will be persuaded to travel for investings in the industrial and touristry sector in Azad Jammu Kashmir. He applauded sincere effectual stairss being taken by Pakistan and AJK authoritiess to promote and hike the industrialisation industrialisation Procedure of change overing to a socioeconomic order in which industry is dominant. The alterations that took topographic point in Britain during the Industrial Revolution of the late 18th and nineteenth century led the manner for the early industrializing states of western Europe and A advancement and to advance the touristry industry in the liberated country. He opined latest engineerings should be brought and introduced for publicity of these sectors as per lines of India, China, Latin American states. List of American states States: A Antigua and Barbuda A Bahamas .. Click the nexus for more information.Khalid Sharif said that foreign investing can flux into Pakistan including Azad Jammu Kashmir in copiousness if facilitated were ensured Tourism Neelum Valley, Approximately 200 kilometres long the picturesque Neelum Valley is situated to the North North East of Muzaffarabad. Runing parallel to the Kaghan Valley. It is separated from if merely snow-clad extremums, some over 4000 metres above sea degree. Excellent scenic beauty, birds-eye position, looming hills on both sides of the noisy Neelum river, exuberant green woods, enrapturing watercourses and catch the attending of ive milieus make the vale a dream semen true. The country is ideal for trekking. A just conditions route opens the vale to tourers upto Kel, 155 kilometres from Muzaffarabad, of which about 150 kilometres has been black topped while the staying part is being matalled. Buss ply daily on this mob and adjustment installations are besides available in the remainder houses of topographic points of tourer catch the attending of ion. Simple cookery installations are available but one has to do his ain agreements for particular dishes. Hindustan Times Jun 19, 2010. MIRPUR ( AJK ) , AJK authorities had inked an integrated phased program for heightening touristry in the State in coaction with the private sector, and for this intent, colossal financess were being allocated in the new financial twelvemonth 2010-11 one-year budget, official beginnings said. Since bright potency coupled with favorable ambiance is available for elating touristry industry in AJK . Ahmed Khawaja, June 12, 2009. Rawalakot is a metropolis in Azad Kashmir, and is the capital of Poonch District. It is in a saucer-shaped vale at lift 1615 meters ( 5300ft ) . It is 76 kilometers ( 47 stat mis ) from Kohala, and is besides linked with Rawalpindi and Islamabad via the neighbouring territories of Azad Pattan and Tain Dhalkot, and with Muzaffarabad via Kohala and Sudhangali by asphalt roads. The chief folk of Rawalakot are the Sudhan folk. Rawalakot is the territory central office and is situated in the bosom of territory Poonch. The height of this beautiful saucer-shaped vale is 1615m, and is situated 76 Km from Kohala. During summer, the topographic point becomes full of green grass and beautiful flowers including many assortments of roses. Located 12Km from Rawalakot is Paniolla full of unagitated and capturing features. About 20Km from Rawalakot and at 1981m above sea-level is Banjosa. A really catch the attending of ive site full of scenic beauty which besides houses a little lake with boating installations. Surrounding small towns include Topa Soon aka Soon Topa or merely Topa, Kaimon, Thithrot, Motialmara, Trar Dewan, Chare, Chuck, Tranni, Dahmni, Pothi Bala/Makwalan, Kharek, Dreak, Banjosa, Hussainkot, Hurnamaira, Thorar, Rehara, Tain, and Pachiot. Bagh District lies to the North and Sudhnuti District lies to the South of Rawalakot. The route passing through ( Jalooth ) Paniola connects Rawalakot to Bagh And Mu zaffarabad. While towards the West are Murree, Islamabad and Rawalpindi parts of Pakistan. Rawalakot is one of the most beautiful vallies of KASHMIR located 80 kilometres off from Rawalpindi Islamabad. It is a three and a half hr thrust from Islamabad to Rawalakot. Rawlakot is besides celebrated by the name of the PEARL VALLEY . Syed Khalid Saeed Bukhari 04 September 2009. Neelum is a beautiful vale incorporating about 370 little and big small towns and near approximately two hundred thousand population. It starts from Chelhana and goes till Taobut 250 kilometer long. It is named Neelum due to its river, swerving like the serpent with crystalline sky colored H2O. Like any other population of the subcontinent it has the most heterogenous population with assortment of rites, imposts and traditions. The whole vale is full of beautiful and absorbing sceneries. Neelum Valley is dipped in beauty Neelum vale about 252 kilometers long and 3620 sq kilometer curvature shaped with olympian pine, fir and Himalayan cedar trees, lies north-south of Muzaffarabad. This ninety-mile long land of flora is ripped apart by the anil blue Neelum river which flows serpentinely down hills to unify itself into the river Jhelum at Domail. Domail, the meeting of two mighty rivers, nowadayss extremely intriguing scene of vernal embracing. This heart-warning spectacle is most soothing to the oculus. Neelum Valley is situated to the North North East of Muzaffarabad and running parallel to the Kaghan Valley. It is separated from it by snow covered extremums, some over 4000 metres above sea degree. Excellent scenic beauty, birds-eye position, looming hills on both sides of the noisy Neelum river, exuberant green woods, enrapturing watercourses, high height lakes and catch the attending of ive milieus make the vale a dream semen true. The rocking alcoholic green woods, snow capped mountains, watercourses singing vocals of joy, and fast fluxing river Neelum, all go together to do it naturalist s wonderland. The country is besides ideal for mountain touristry. A portion of Nanga Parbat mammoth falls in this country which is dominated by Sarwaali Peak ( 6326 metres ) the highest mountain in Azad Kashmir. Furthermore like Kaghan Valley it is celebrated for fishing and angling activities in Neelum river and Jagran Nullah which are stocked with trout fish. Its exclusive tourer catch the attending of ion is a 17 ( 17 ) century garrison built by the town s laminitis, a head of the Chak folk name d Muzaffar Khan, to guard off the Mughal ground forcess of Emperor Akbar. Neelum vale is an gimmick the attending of ive topographic point for tourers due to its celebrated exuberant verdure, springs, watercourses, lakes and hilly and sloppy mountain Karrar Haidri, Sep 24, 2007, In conformity with the Calendar of Activities for Visit Pakistan Year 2007 issued by Ministry of Tourism, Government of Pakistan, Alpine Club of Pakistan organized the first of all time National Mountain Marathon jointly with Tourism Department, Government of Azad Jammu and Kashmir. The aim of the Mountain Marathon were to raise consciousness about Mountain Tourism in Azad Jammu and Kashmir ( AJK ) , create linkages in Mountain Tourism between Kaghan vale and Neelum Valley, raise consciousness about temblor affected countries of AJK and NWFP and promote and engender involvement towards the healthy mountain adventure athleticss activities amongst the young person of Pakistan, in general, and AJK in peculiar. The Marathon started at Kawai, Kaghan Valley, NWFP on 10th September. 150 young persons including 95 young persons from Azad Kashmir had applied to take part in the Marathon, nevertheless out of these 83 reported for engagement at Kawai. Earlier all t he participants were lodged at Muzaffarabad on 9th September from where they were taken to Kawai by particular coachs. 1. www.allvoices.com/ /7812129-plan-for-tourism-promotion-in-ajkfp-report 2. pakistannewsblog.com/ /16-projects-initiated-to-promote-tourism-in-ajk 3. ezinemark.com/a/azad-kashmir-tourism/ United States 4. www.thefreelibrary.com/AJK+Chamber+welcome+measures+in+industrial, + tourism+sectors.-a0200530037 Cached 5. www.ajkcouncil.com/TourismNeelumValley.asp 6. hypertext transfer protocol: //news.reportlinker.com www.ilmkidunya.com/student_articles/neelum-valley.aspx Pakistan Cached behzadahmed.blogspot.com/2009/06/rawalakot.html Cached Ejaz Ur-Rehman 2007An overview of the Forest Habitat s state of affairs in Village Barali Kass Kotli Azad Kashmir Pakistan revealed that the country confronting great forest home ground hazard. Habitat loss, debasement and atomization are an issue of primary concern in the country of Village Barali Kass. The intent of this survey was to look at the causes which exploit these meagre and delicate forest resources in the country and what are the steps to invalidate this state of affairs. Ejaz Ur-Rehman An Overview of Forest Habitat s Situation in Village Barali Kass, Kotli Azad Kashmir Pakistan, Ethnobotanical Leaflets 11: 266-279. 2007.

Ford Motor Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

Ford Motor Company - Essay Example This report will give a comprehensive analysis of the external and internal factors and aspects that has lead the company to crisis. The first part of the analysis demonstrates a summary about the company and its problems in general. From the analysis in the second part it is found that poor management and decision making is the biggest problem of Ford. Ford is also loosing the market edge on Hybrid and Small cars segment. A fish bone diagram is used to represent the various challenges that have lead to the loss of profitability for Ford. The analysis helped to arrive at the issues which are management, competition, recession and quality. Excessive family control and poor decision making are the major management issues. Similarly, competition from Japanese car makers and other small and hybrid car makers are the major competition lead issues. Low demand and rippling effects of the recession are the recessionary issues. Finally product defects and recalls following that are the qualit y issues that affected ford. The analysis had also put forward various other solutions that will help the company to come back to profitability. Huge reduction of the family’s stake in the business is among the primary solution for Ford. The later part of the report describes a detailed cost benefit analysis for arriving at the right decision for the company. Some of the alternatives solutions available for Ford are as follows: invest huge in R&D, expand the market, develop more small cars, gradually exit the stake from other auto companies, invest in strategic alliances, gradually increase the marketing expenses, emphasize the message of quality. ... Ever since its inception Ford has acquired and sold many of the big brands in the industry. Jaguar & Land Rover and Volvo are the leading ones among them. Following the crisis that hit the company and which almost lead to their failure, it has to restructure itself thoroughly. As a part of it, Ford even discontinued its Mercury brand. Ford was one of the pioneers of ‘Mass Production’ concept. Ford introduced the assembly line system in the automobile production that enabled the roll-over of large number of cars within limited time. The Model T was the first Ford model to undergo assembly line production. â€Å"When the United States became involved in World War I (April 1917), the Ford Motor Company placed its resources at the disposal of the government.† (Funding Universe, 2011) Following the retirement of Henry Ford in 1918, the company’s operations were looked after by his son Edsel Ford. Ford faced the first financial problems in 1921 when the company h ad $58 million in debt and the company had only $20 million with them to meet this. But the various strategic moves that involved sales of maximum automobile and only through cash, reduction of inventories by one third, and various other cost reduction techniques helped them to increase cash inflow. Within no time Ford raised around $87 million which gave them a surplus amount even after meeting all its debt obligations. â€Å"The vision of Ford Motors is to become the world’s leading consumer company for automotive products and services. The mission statement of Ford is to that they are a global family with a proud heritage passionately committed to providing personal mobility for people around the world.  We anticipate consumer need and deliver outstanding products and services that improve people's

Managing Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Managing Project - Assignment Example EFT = EST + Duration Time duration in the project has been calculated in a in a forward pass model and backward pass movement cannot be used in this because there is no deadline mentioned in the project. In a forward pass model, the project manager has calculated earliest time at which each work node could be reached. Burke (2003) defined Float time quantitative measure of work activity‘s flexibility or the measure of the slack period at which a particular work activity can be delayed without extending the completion date of the project. The project manager has used the following formulae to calculate the float time; Float Time= LFT  Ã¢â‚¬â€œEST - Duration........Equation-1 (Field and Keller, 2007) Equation-1 has been used to calculate the float time. Total float time has been calculated as 29 days and due to sufficient amount of float time, the completion date of the project will not be delayed if any particular activity gets delayed. Calculation of the float time has been s hown in the appendix 1. 3. Critical Path Field and Keller (2007) defined critical path as being the longest route joining the earliest activity in the project and last activity. Critical path of the project has been calculated assuming zero float time in order to measure minimum possible time required to complete the project. Critical path for the project= A, B, C, F, G, K, L, M, N, O, Q and R and the path has been showed through bold line in the network diagram. Activities in the critical path cannot delayed due to presence of zero float time hence delaying of any of the above mentioned activity will delay the overall completion time of the project. Project duration can be calculated by summing up the time duration of all the critical activities. Therefore, minimum possible time for completing the project would be 50 days. 4. Earliest Days for Project Completion The project starts on the Monday 15th July 2013 and the project team will work for 5days a week and there will not be any other holidays. From the result above, the minimum time to complete this project is 50 days. We can apply project management software to calculate completing day. If the project starts on the Calculation of the project completion time can be done in the following manner; Month Date Day Project Status Duration July 15/7/2013 Monday Start 1days July 31/7/2013 Wednesday Task A and Task B completed 13days August 1/8/2013 Thursday Task A, Task B and Task C completed 14 days August 15/8/2013 Thursday Task A, Task B, Task C and Task F completed 24 days August 31/8/2013 Saturday Task A, Task B, Task C, Task F, Task G, Task K and Task L completed 35 days September 1/9/2013 Sunday Same N/A September 15/9/2013 Sunday Task A, Task B, Task C, Task F, Task G, Task K, Task L, Task M, Task N and Task O completed 45 days September 20/9/2013 Wednesday Completion of the project 50 days The project will be completed on 20/9/2013 (Friday) and the project will take exactly 50 days to complete. The time duration for the project has been calculated by following the calendar of 2013 (appendix 3). 5. A- Activity E is delayed 1 day Total float time for activity E is 2 days and activity E doesn’t lie in the critical path hence delaying activity E will not affect the completion time of the project (check appendix 1). However, due to delay in activity E, the company has to bear more cost (fixed cost + variable cost) to complete the

The End of Euro Disneys as a White-knuckle Ride Essay

The End of Euro Disneys as a White-knuckle Ride - Essay Example It is not expected for growth in the European sector to be experienced until 2010 or 2011, which will require Disneyland Europe to find innovative methods to draw higher crowd volumes and ensure profit success. Additionally, rising commodity prices which will be felt in 2009 will seriously erode the potential for profitability in this year, with the business forced to cut costs where necessary and appropriate. One publicity expert identifies that theme park industries are highly competitive and strategic success involves the volume of guests which pass through the entrance turnstile every day (Kohl, 2000: 48). Further, the author identifies that attendance is so widely important that many executive leaders have hourly tourist counts pumped into their mobile devices for the sake of tracking customer numbers (Kohl). This is especially true at Disneyland Europe which relies on customer volumes to generate annual profit. Getting higher sales volumes, however, in the midst of the current credit crunch requires understanding competitive behaviors whilst redesigning Disneyland Europe with a new, modernized logo to attract the contemporary consumer. Readjustments to marketing will be the proverbial saving grace for Disneyland Europe in the next five years. In 2009, Disneyland Europe must make a stronger effort to understand its customers. Since over 40 percent of all customers are French, repositioning the EuroDisney brand to focus on French lifestyle can ensure a higher revenue stream during the current economic crisis. This will be increasingly difficult beyond 2008 and will require research into existing consumer behaviors in French markets. Snyder (2002) offers that the French tend to link Disneyland Europe with American culture, giving them a negative perception of â€Å"cultural imperialism† in which the theme park is  attempting to force American lifestyle into a proud, French culture. Negative cultural perceptions must be eliminated whenever possible in the new marketing model.  

Nortel Case Report Essay Example for Free

Nortel Case Report Essay The company also used to be affiliated with ATamp;T/Western Electric until Western was forced to sell its stake in 1949. In 1976, the company changed its name from Northern Electric to Northern Telecom Limited, and shifted its concentration on digital technology. In 1977, Nortel introduced its DMS line of digital central office telephone switches. Nortel ended its long relationship with ATamp;T in 1984, a year after deregulation named. Bell Canada Enterprises the parent company to Northern Telecom. In 1998, the company acquired Bay Networks and changed its name to Nortel Networks. In the late 90’s, Nortel’s sales of fiber optic network gear was predicted to help their sales, but the market became saturated very quickly. At the height of Nortel’s first 100 years the company amassed for more than a third of the total valuation of all companies listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX), but once the Internet bubble passed, the company fell into ethical debacle. Nortel Networks Corporation, or formally known as Northern Telecom Limited was one of the largest telecommunications equipment companies in the world prior to its filing for bankruptcy protection on January 14th, 2009. During times of functionality, they specialized in multinational telecommunications equipment manufacturing. The company is based in Canada out of Mississiauga, Ontario, Canada. Their biggest rival always was Global System Mobile (GSM). Through the early 1990s, the company invested heavily in Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) in attempt to grow in European and Asian markets. This did not pan out so well as Nortel’s losses amounted to $27. 3 billion by 2001—causing them to lay off two-thirds of the workforce. From 2000 through 2003 there was a period of fiscal irresponsibility resulting from the work of the company’s administrators. Initially in 2000, they falsified their fourth-quarter earnings by $1 billion to meet market expectations and selectively reversing certain revenue entries. In 2002, administrators discovered $300 million in excess reserves being carried over and swept it under the rug for future benefit in addition to establishing another $151 million in unnecessary reserves. In 2003, administrators directed the release of at least $490 million of excess reserves to boost earning, fabricate profits, and pay bonuses. Losses turned to profits during this year thanks to the shifty methods taking place. Later in that year, administrators mislead investors as to why Nortel was conducting a purportedly â€Å"comprehensive review† of its assets—attributed by restatement $948 million in liabilities. They said restatement was caused solely by internal control mistakes instead of the truth that there was intentional improper handling of reserves which needed to remain hidden. 2 On October 23rd, 2003, the company announced that Nortel would restate its financials for fiscal years 2000, 2001, and 2002. Shortly after this restatement, the major players of Nortel’s administration that were responsible for all of this were exposed through an independent investigation. In March 2004, The CFO and controller were suspended, in addition to the announcement of further restatements and revisions; they were terminated a month later in April 2004. A restatement in early 2005 showed approximately $3. 4 billion in misstated revenues and another $746 in liabilities. In late 2005, Nortel admitted that restatements were the result of management fraud—beginning the downturn of their stock. The company ended up restating financials four times over four years, replacing senior management, and instituting a comprehensives remediation program designed to ensure proper accounting and reporting practices. Eventually on October 15th, 2007, Nortel agreed to settle by paying a $35 million civil penalty and admitting to violations of the antifraud, reporting, books and records, and internal control provisions of the federal securities laws. 2 On June 25th, 2009, Nortel’s price dropped to 18. 5 cents a share down from a high of $124. 0 in 2000. The company decided that month that they would discontinue operations and sell off all of its business units. Nortel’s CDMA wireless business and LTE access technology were sold to Ericsson, and Avaya purchased Nortels Enterprise business unit. Major Players in the Scandal: The major players in this scandal were the four members of the senior management: CEO Frank Dunn, CFO Douglas Beatty, controller Michael Gollogly, and ass istant controller Maryanne Pahapill. CEO Frank Dunn, who is also a certified management accountant. Dunn was mainly involved in the improper use of reserves from 2000 to 2003. CFO Douglas Beatty, controller Michael Gollogly, and assistant controller Maryanne Pahapill were also involved in this management fraud. 2 The Royal Canadian Mounted Police in Toronto arrested ex-CEO Frank Dunn, ex-CFO Douglas Beatty, and former corporate controller Michael Gollogly on seven counts of fraud. Including charges â€Å"fraud affecting public market; falsification of books and documents; false prospectus, pertaining to allegations of criminal activity within Nortel Networks during 2002 and 2003. Magnitude of the financial issue: Nortel at its peak was one of the best companies that Canada had ever seen. Just like ENRON and other financial frauds at the time, Nortel appeared to be a shining example of success in the corporate world. Again like ENRON, Nortel grew through a strategy of aggressive expansion and purchasing of smaller companies in order to create a massive conglomerate. During the good times Nortel was the largest technology company and the most valuable company in Canada. Nortel accounted for over one third of the entire aluation of the Toronto Stock Exchange. The Toronto Stock Exchange is the Canadian equivalent of the New York Stock Exchange and holds the most influential stock market in Canada. Nortel employed about 95,000 employees worldwide. About 26,000 of those workers based in Canada alone. Nortel at one point had a market capitalization of almost C$400 billion. Nortel had set up pensions and healthcare protection for its employees. All of these were lost to either the restructuring under Frank Dunne which left about 60,000 employees without jobs or the bankruptcy that followed in 2009. Canadian government officials and regulators identified how destructive a full failure of Nortel would be on the Canadian economy. The Canadian government through the Export Development Canada project tried to lend money to the falling giant. However the Canadian government could not cover all of Nortel’s debt obligations. Nortel owed about $107 million and the EDC (Export Development Canada) could only supply about $30 million in short term loans. This $107 million interest payment accounted for about 4% of Nortel’s cash and put the company into bankruptcy. The world financial crisis of 2008 had put too much strain on Nortel and they were forced to begin liquidation. Public auditor: The auditors involved with this case were Deloitte and Touche. In documents from the fraud case, which is still being heard by the Royal court in Canada, Deloitte claims that they were not given proper documentation by Nortel. Deloitte claims that they did not have pertinent information which should have been provided by administrators at Nortel. Deloitte raised concerns to the audit board of Nortel in 2003 when Nortel turned a profit after Frank Dunne’s restructuring of the company. Deloitte raised awareness of potential fraud and did their duty in that respect. However further investigation conducted has implicated Deloitte in the financial reporting irregularities in Nortel which some have claimed dates back to the time of CEO Roth who held office before Dunne. Information coming out of the case states that even if transactions were deemed suspicious, they still signed off on the verity of the financial reports. Frank Dunne and some of his officers are now charged with fraud by both the SEC and the OSC which regulate the American and Canadian markets respectively. The case is currently still under review in the Royal court of Canada and civil charges have been brought in the United States. Fraud Triangle Nortel had experienced tremendous growth throughout the 1990s, allowing it to expand operations worldwide. Nortel’s expansion came during the telecommunication and technology bubble of the 1990s that inflated stock prices of companies in those sectors. Frank Dunn had taken over for the previous CEO, John Roth, in November 2001 during the telecommunication bubble bust. Dunn felt pressured to maintain the high stock price because it accounted for over one third of Nortel’s value2. Nortel management was also incentivized to post profits that produced executive bonuses with over $7. 8million going to Dunn alone. The primary members of the Nortel fraud were able to commit the fraud because, as executive officers and controllers, they were able to go around the internal controls of the company. That allowed them to implement many accounting practices that did not comply with GAAP. Nortel management’s rationalization for these fraudulent practices must have been that they needed to maintain the high stock price in order for the company to continue operating. Moral Breach and Ethical Issues As a publicly traded company, Nortel had the responsibility of fairly reporting the company’s true financial data to stockholders and potential investors. Dunn, Beatty, Gollogly and Pahapill breached this responsibility by establishing earnings management accounting strategies to manipulate Nortel’s revenues. Nortel management also actively sought to inflate earnings to trigger very large bonuses for key members of management. Perhaps, if these incentives did not exist then there would be less motivation to commit the fraud. Finally, Nortel’s auditor for over a century, Deloitte and Touche, has come under scrutiny by the defense lawyers in Dunn, Gollogly and Beatty’s civil trial in Canada this year. The defense claims that Deloitte approved of all major accounting adjustments that Dunn and his team had engaged in. Summary of Legal Actions On April 28th, 2004, Dunn and his fraud partners were fired for financial mismanagement2. On March 12th, 2007 the SEC filed civil charges against Dunn, Beatty, Gollogly and Pahapill for repeatedly engaging in accounting fraud to bridge gaps between Nortel’s true performance, its internal targets, and market expectations. Dunn and Beatty were charged with violating the officer certification agreement that was established by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Nortel settled with SEC on October 15, 2007 by consenting to be prescribed from violating the antifraud, reporting, books and records, and internal control provisions of the federal securities laws. Nortel paid $35million to the SEC, and $1million to the Ontario Securities Commission to establish a Fair Fund for affected shareholders. Finally, Canadian authorities arrested and charge Dunn, Beatty and Gollogly with seven counts of fraud. Their trial began on January 16th, 2012. Current Status: Nortel, once known as the largest telecommunications manufacturer in the world, filed for bankruptcy in 2009. Now three years later, the period of bankruptcy continues as the company discloses their every operating report highlighting each cash receipt and disbursement. When Nortel went bankrupt, executives believed that selling all business assets would be the best and easiest way to fight debt. Recently, Nortel has netted $7. 7 billion from selling its patents and businesses. As stated on their website, â€Å"Nortel remains focused on maximizing value for its stakeholders, including the sale of its remaining assets, resolution of claims, the wind-down of its global operations and entities, resolution of allocation matters with respect to the sale proceeds, and other significant restructuring activities toward the conclusion of the creditor protection proceedings. † The case for Nortel executives Dunn (ex CEO), Beatty (ex CFO) and Gollogy (ex controller), who were charged with fraud for affecting the public market and falsifying books and documents to earn larger bonuses, is still in trial. In February, a former Vice President of Nortel testified in court against executives stating that they had asked him to use questionable accounting methods to manipulate the company’s earnings. Although those who committed the crime have been charged, thousands of employees will still be left without pension plans and jobs. Nortel has spent over $20 million on retirement package these past two year, but unfortunately the company will stop the pension plan and disability program payments as it continues to sell away its businesses. By the end of 2011, Nortel was split into regional entities – Nortel Networks Limited in Canada and Nortel Networks Inc in the United States, causing disagreements over how to split $7. 5 billion that was earned by selling many assets and patents other corporations such as Apple and Microsoft Corp. The following charts, graphs and financial statements analyze Nortel’s current status. Case Study Questions and Solutions: 1. Dunn is a certified management accountant. Based on the facts of the case, which provisions of the IMA’s Statement of Ethical Professional Practice that was discussed in chapter 1 have been violated? Dunn violates many of the provisions of the IMA’s statement of Ethical Professional Practice they are as follows: 1. Perform professional duties in accordance with law, regulations and technical standards. 2. Provide decision information that is accurate, clear, concise and timely 3. Retain from engaging in any conduct that would prejudice carrying out any duties ethically. 4. Abstain from engaging in or supporting any activity that might discredit the profession. 5. Communicate information fairly and objectively. 6. Disclose all relevant information, that could reasonably be expected to influence an intended users understanding of the reports analyses or recommendations. 7. Disclose delays or deficiencies in information timeliness processing or internal controls in conformance with organization policy and/or applicable law. He violated these by selective reversal of revenue entries in 2000. Followed by concealing the reserves in 2002, which violated GAAP, and then avoided posting a profit so the company wouldn’t have to pay out bonuses. In 2003 Dunn released the reserves to falsely report a profit, which allowed them to eports a profit a quarter earlier than expected, and to pay out more bonuses to senior management. Also in 2003 he misled the investors about why Nortel had restated its financials in order to avoid uncovering the unethical management techniques him and his team had been using. All of these actions take away Dunn’s integrity and credibility in the field of manageria l accounting, which are two of the standards the IMA sets out. Dunn failed to meet his professional code of conduct and his company suffered because of it. 2. What are the responsibilities of an auditor to detect fraud? How were those responsibilities compromised by the actions of Nortel’s management? It is the auditors responsibility to report fraud if they find it, however in this case the actions of Nortel’s management made it difficult for the auditors to do their job. The false financial statements and hiding of money veiled the problems of the company from the auditors. Once there was a hint of the fraud the auditors found it and perused the trail, taking the ethical route and also following the code of conduct. It was their investigation that brought down the fraudulent executives and forced the company to restate its financials properly. This would eventually lead to the failure of Nortel. Nortel made materially false and misleading statements and omissions in connection with the quarterly reviews and materially misstated annual audits of financial statements. This caused the auditors to not be able to properly do their job, and review the statements. 3. Describe the incentives that created pressure on Nortel to manage earnings. Considering the role of Nortel’s management in this regard, discuss whether it met its corporate governance obligations as discussed in previous chapters. The incentives that drove Nortel to manage its earning where greed of the management team, the pressure to deliver bonuses, the pressure to survive an economic downturn, and the pressure to make the company seem like a good investment to both current and potential investors. In an economic climate of intense competition and corporate greed the management at Nortel fell victim to their vices and allowed the pressure to perform to overwhelm their priorities. This caused them to put their own greed and personal ambition before the well being of the company. Nortel did not meet its corporate governance obligations. It did not follow any internal rules of how to run the business. It ignored any corporate ethics they might have. It lied to stakeholders several times by misstating the financials. They did not follow the professional code of conduct of their careers and also did not follow industry standards. They broke the law. No one inside the company caught the fraud therefore their internal controls where not effective. Each of these immoral acts is a case where corporate governance has failed. 4. The final quote in the case characterizes Nortel’s failure as â€Å"just another casualty of capitalism. Do you agree with this statement? Why or why not? How would you characterize the cause of the failure at Nortel? I would argue that Nortel is not just another casualty of capitalism. Nortel did not function in a system of free market capitalism where the government had absolutely no regulation and let the markets function however they wanted. The capitalism system of North America is more of a mixed economy, which combines public and private ownership of companies, and also provides government regulation and intervention to prevent and deal with fraud. Even in a free market the system is meant to come to an equal balance of supply and demand, which cannot be reached if there is fraud involved since the supply has been inaccurately disclosed by the senior management at Nortel. I would characterize this failure as one of humanity. It was not the economic system that allowed this fraud to take place, but the greed of the people and a social environment that ties success so strongly to wealth. It was the social pressure and the effect of human nature that led to Nortel’s demise. . The case discusses how Nortel’s managers prioritized themselves over the shareholders, which, in part, lead to the company’s failure. What should be a company’s first priority? A company’s first priority should be following their code of ethics. The second priority should be the shareholders, followed by the management and other employees. This hierarchy ensures that all the business that is done with be both moral and legal , meaning there is no room to commit fraud and damage the company. In this way you are putting the shareholders first, because by providing a stable and healthy company the shareholders will see an investment that will be able to reach its highest potential. 6. Was Nortel’s settlement a fair penalty? Should the SEC have imposed harsher or more lenient sanctions? Should these sanctions have been on the managers, on Nortel as a whole, or both? A fair settlement would offer compensation to all those who were hurt by this fraud. Groups that may have been hurt could be shareholders, employees and customers. Deciding what is a fair compensation is a little more difficult, however as much of what these people lost as possible should be returned to them. As for the managers who created the problems and took part in the fraud should face a sentence of termination from their company, loss of license (if applicable) and jail time. The company and the individual managers have both failed stakeholders and should both be held accountable. In the case of Nortel specifically the stockholder settlement goes with these guidelines, as for the managers their trial is still ongoing and therefore no sentenced has been given to them yet.